LIQUIDIA CORPORATION (LQDA)

Business overview

Business. Overview We are a biopharmaceutical company driven by science and compassion to revolutionize care for patients with challenging respiratory and vascular diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (“PAH”) and pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease (“PH-ILD”). We operate through our wholly owned operating subsidiaries, Liquidia Technologies, Inc. and Liquidia PAH, LLC, formerly known as RareGen. We currently generate revenue through the sale of YUTREPIA (treprostinil) inhalation powder (“YUTREPIA”) and pursuant to a promotion agreement with Sandoz Inc. (“Sandoz”), dated as of August 1, 2018, as amended (the “Promotion Agreement”), under which we share profit derived from the sale of Sandoz’s generic treprostinil injection (“Treprostinil Injection”) in the United States.

We employ a targeted commercial field force calling on healthcare providers involved in the treatment of PAH and PH-ILD in the United States, as well as key stakeholders involved in the distribution and reimbursement of medicines to treat these patients. YUTREPIA is an inhaled dry powder formulation of treprostinil designed with our proprietary PRINT technology, a particle engineering platform that enables precise production of uniform drug particles, to improve the therapeutic profile of treprostinil by enhancing deep lung delivery while using a convenient, low effort dry-powder inhaler (“DPI”) and by achieving higher dose levels than the labeled doses of other marketed inhaled treprostinil therapies. YUTREPIA was approved by the U.

S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) in May 2025 for the treatment of both PAH and PH-ILD, and began commercialization in June 2025. Treprostinil Injection is a fully-substitutable generic treprostinil for parenteral administration in the United States. We have the exclusive rights to conduct commercial activities for Treprostinil Injection and work jointly with Sandoz on commercial strategy for the product. Sandoz retains all other rights in and to Treprostinil Injection and holds the Abbreviated New Drug Application (“ANDA”) for Treprostinil Injection. We also conduct research, development and manufacturing of novel products by applying our subject matter expertise in respiratory and vascular diseases.

For example, we are currently developing L606, an investigational, liposomal formulation of treprostinil, which we licensed from Pharmosa Biopharm Inc. (“Pharmosa”), that is administered twice-daily with a short-duration next-generation nebulizer. L606 is currently being evaluated in an open-label study in the United States for treatment of PAH and PH-ILD, and we have initiated a worldwide, placebo-controlled pivotal study for the treatment of PH-ILD. We are also planning to conduct clinical studies to evaluate YUTREPIA for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (“PH-COPD”), idiopathic pulmonary 4 fibrosis (“IPF”), progressive pulmonary fibrosis (“PPF”) and Raynaud’s phenomenon associated with systemic sclerosis (“SSc-RP”). About Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Interstitial Lung Disease Diseases Pulmonary hypertension (“PH”) is divided into five groups based on the criteria of the World Health Organization (“WHO”) as defined at the 8th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension.

WHO Group 1 is comprised of individuals with PAH. WHO Group 3 includes patients with pulmonary hypertension caused by hypoxia and/or lung diseases, mostly interstitial lung disease (“ILD”), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (“COPD”) and sleep-disordered breathing. Our current products initially seek to address unmet needs in PAH and PH-ILD. PAH is a rare, chronic, progressive disease caused by hardening and narrowing of the pulmonary arteries that can lead to right heart failure and eventually death, with an estimated diagnosed, treated prevalence in the United States of approximately 45,000 patients. PH-ILD is the second most prevalent form of Group 3 PH (precapillary PH due to lung disease). ILD is a diverse collection of more than 150 different pulmonary diseases, including IPF, chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, connective tissue disease related ILD, and sarcoidosis among others.

We currently estimate diagnosed and undiagnosed prevalence of PH-ILD in the United States to be approximately 60,000. The prevalence of PH in many of the underlying ILD diseases is not yet known due to factors including underdiagnosis and lack of approved treatments until 2021. Treatments There is currently no cure for PAH or PH-ILD, so the goals of existing treatments are to alleviate symptoms, maintain or improve functional class, delay disease progression and improve quality of life. The FDA has approved several classes of drugs to treat PAH over the last 25 years, including drugs acting through the prostacyclin pathway, the nitric oxide pathway, the endothelin pathway, and the inhibition of activin signaling. There are currently only three FDA-approved treatments for PH-ILD, all of which are inhaled forms of treprostinil, a prostacyclin analog. […]

Management discussion and analysis

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our financial statements and related notes appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion and other parts of this Annual Report on Form 10-K contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements of our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. As a result of many factors, including those factors set forth in the “ Risk Factors ” section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our actual results could differ materially from the results described in, or implied by, the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.

In this Item 7, we discuss the results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 and comparisons of the year ended December 31, 2025 to the year ended December 31, 2024. Discussion and analysis of our 2024 fiscal year specifically, as well as the year-over-year comparison of our 2024 financial performance to 2023, are located in Part II, Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 18, 2025 (which have been revised in Exhibit 99. 1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 8, 2025).

Objective The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is intended to provide information necessary to understand our audited consolidated financial statements for the two-year period ended December 31, 2025 and highlight certain other information which, in the opinion of management, will enhance a reader’s understanding of our financial condition, changes in financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. In particular, the discussion is intended to provide an analysis of significant trends and material changes in our financial position and the operating results of our business during the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. This discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements for the two-year period ended the year ended December 31, 2025 and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Overview We are a biopharmaceutical company driven by science and compassion to revolutionize care for patients with challenging respiratory and vascular diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (“PAH”) and pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease (“PH-ILD”). We operate through our wholly owned operating subsidiaries, Liquidia Technologies, Inc. and Liquidia PAH, LLC, formerly known as RareGen. We currently generate revenue through the sale of YUTREPIA (treprostinil) inhalation powder (“YUTREPIA”) and pursuant to a promotion agreement with Sandoz Inc. (“Sandoz”), dated as of August 1, 2018, as amended (the “Promotion Agreement”), under which we share profit derived from the sale of Sandoz’s generic treprostinil injection (“Treprostinil Injection”) in the United States.

We employ a targeted commercial field force calling on healthcare providers involved in the treatment of PAH and PH-ILD in the United States, as well as key stakeholders involved in the distribution and reimbursement of medicines to treat these patients. YUTREPIA is an inhaled dry powder formulation of treprostinil designed with our proprietary PRINT technology, a particle engineering platform that enables precise production of uniform drug particles, to improve the therapeutic profile of treprostinil by enhancing deep lung delivery while using a convenient, low effort dry-powder inhaler (“DPI”) and by achieving higher dose levels than the labeled doses of other marketed inhaled treprostinil therapies. YUTREPIA was approved by the U.

S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) in May 2025 for the treatment of both PAH and PH-ILD, and began commercialization in June 2025. Treprostinil Injection is a fully-substitutable generic treprostinil for parenteral administration in the United States. We have the exclusive rights to conduct commercial activities for Treprostinil Injection and work jointly with Sandoz on 90 commercial strategy for the product. Sandoz retains all rights in and to Treprostinil Injection and holds the Abbreviated New Drug Application (“ANDA”) for Treprostinil Injection. We also conduct research, development and manufacturing of novel products by applying our subject matter expertise in respiratory and vascular diseases. For example, we are currently developing L606, an investigational, liposomal formulation of treprostinil, which we licensed from Pharmosa Biopharm Inc. (“Pharmosa”), that is administered twice-daily with a short-duration next-generation nebulizer. […]

Key risk disclosures

Risk Factors –Risks Related to Government Regulation. Healthcare Reform A primary trend in the U. S. healthcare industry and elsewhere is cost containment. There have been a number of federal and state proposals during the last few years regarding the pricing of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical products, limiting coverage and reimbursement for drugs and other medical products, government control and other changes to the healthcare system in the United States including the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, as amended by the Health Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act (collectively, the “ACA”). In the future, there may continue to be additional proposals relating to the reform of the U.

S. healthcare system, some of which could further limit the prices we will be able to charge for our product candidates, or the amounts of reimbursement available for our product candidates. If future legislation were to impose direct governmental price controls or access restrictions, it could have a significant adverse impact on our business. Managed care organizations, as well as Medicaid and other government agencies, continue to seek price discounts. Some states have implemented, and other states are considering, measures to reduce costs of the Medicaid program, and some states are considering implementing measures that would apply to broader segments of their populations that are not Medicaid-eligible. Due to the volatility in the current economic and market dynamics, we are unable to predict the impact of any unforeseen or unknown legislative, regulatory, payor or policy actions, which may include cost containment and healthcare reform measures.

Such policy actions could have a material adverse impact on our profitability. These and other healthcare reform initiatives may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial operations. We expect that additional state and federal healthcare reform measures will be adopted in the future, any of which could limit the amounts that federal and state governments will pay for healthcare products and services, which could result in reduced demand for our product candidates or additional pricing pressures. Government Regulation Outside of the United States In order to market any product outside of the United States, we will need to comply with numerous and varying regulatory requirements of other countries and jurisdictions regarding development, approval, commercial sales and distribution of our products, and governing, among other things, clinical trials, marketing authorization, commercial sales and distribution of YUTREPIA and our product candidates, if approved.

Whether or not we obtain FDA approval for a product, we must obtain the necessary approvals by the comparable regulatory authorities of foreign countries before we can commence clinical trials or marketing of the product in those countries. The approval process varies between countries and jurisdictions and can involve additional product testing and additional administrative review periods. The time required to obtain approval in other countries and jurisdictions might differ from and be longer than that required to obtain FDA approval. Regulatory approval in one country or jurisdiction does not ensure regulatory approval in another, but a failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approval in one country or jurisdiction may negatively impact the regulatory process in others.

​ 33 European Union In the European Union (“EU”) and the European Economic Area (“EEA”), Regulation (EU) 536/2014 on clinical trials (the “CTR”) requires sponsors to submit a single clinical trial application (“CTA”) through the Clinical Trials Information System (“CTIS”), an online portal designed to streamline the authorization process. Under the previous Directive 2001/20/EC (the “CTD”), sponsors had to obtain separate approvals in each EU/EEA member state. In contrast, CTIS serves as a single-entry point, allowing sponsors to apply for trial authorization in up to 30 EU/EEA countries through a unified process. The CTIS authorization procedure consists of two parts: (i) during the Part I assessment, member states collaborate to assess the CTA jointly and (ii) during the Part II assessment, each member state conducts an individual assessment of the CTA.

All ongoing clinical trials in the EU/EEA were required to transition to CTIS by January 30, 2025, marking the end of a three-year transition period that began when the CTR became applicable, repealing the CTD. Medicinal products need a marketing authorization (“MA”) to be placed on the EU market. The MA is issued following a scientific assessment of the quality, safety, and efficacy of the product. To obtain an MA, pharmaceutical companies may submit MA applications (“MAA”) under the centralized, decentralized, mutual recognition, or national authorization procedure. […]

Source and methodology

Review the latest Form 10-K document for the complete filing and its full context. Extraction is automated and is not a substitute for reading the original filing.

EFDP rankings, analyst growth estimates and interactive comparisons are separate protected product features.